As the other user below stated some may keep user data but don’t let that scare you to find out how they log it. If you are simply logged user 129756595 for it to recognize the connection and the settings but user 129756595 has no information connected to it then you are still anonymous to the world and your VPN provider.

It’s simply an action required to be taken in order to provide a service they could not do. There has to be some way of identifying the connection in order for them to provide it the way you wish every time. That said it should not need to happen it can be stored on your desktop with the VPN application.

Be sure it’s not located in one of the 5 eye areas because if it is they are straight out lying to you concerning anonymity. They are required to keep logs and provide them to the government at its request or they are not allowed to operate.

I’m not going to bother to look the others up but I can tell you Tunnel Bear is in Canada and they are a member so anything you do on it is available to any member of that group.

According to Atlas VPN, they don’t log user data. However, their privacy policy discloses that they hold on to data containing your app settings/preferences and the dates & times you connect to their service.

Apart from that, the only data I can say they keep is info on your operating system, device model, language, and time zone.

It is a free VPN and it claims that it doesn’t collect any logs. This is a bit beyond my expertise and I wonder if someone could check it out to validate such claims.